Why did China block exports of rare earth elements? | Mains Prep Booster

Rare Earth Elements (REEs) Overview

  • REEs are a group of 17 elements, crucial for various industries, including semiconductor fabrication, defense, and renewable energy.
  • The rarity lies in the difficulty of extraction and refining rather than their abundance.
  • Major REE-producing countries: China, India, Myanmar, Japan, Australia, North Korea.

China’s Export Restrictions

  • China has imposed export controls on key REEs: dysprosium, gadolinium, lutetium, samarium, scandium, terbium, and yttrium.
  • These elements are vital for high-tech industries, including defense equipment, nuclear reactors, electronics, and aerospace.
  • The restrictions don’t constitute a full ban but require permits, potentially delaying global supply chains.
  • China dominates global REE refining, giving it significant leverage over international markets.

Impact on India

  • India holds 6% of global REE deposits but lacks extensive refining infrastructure. – Current domestic extraction focuses on light REEs, particularly monazite from Kerala’s beach sands.
  • Advanced manufacturing in India still depends on imports from China and Japan.
  • Japan has built strategic REE stockpiles to insulate from supply shocks.
  • Environmental concerns remain a major challenge for India’s REE mining and refining expansion.
  • India’s semiconductor and defense sectors might face indirect impacts due to global supply chain disruptions.

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Scroll to Top