WHY IN NEWS:
As India and China mark 75 years of diplomatic ties, we find ourselves not merely at a commemorative sa milestone but also at a pivotal juncture in Asian and global geopolitics
Historical Context:
1962 war as a traumatic marker; Galwan Valley clash (2020) catalyzed a policy shift
Border Tensions: Line of Actual Control (LAC) remains militarized; permanent deployment of 60,000 troops in Eastern Ladakh.
Trade Imbalance: India’s trade deficit with China reached nearly $100 billion (2024-25).
Strategic Approach: India follows “competitive coexistence ” balancing deterrence with engagement.
Regional Influence:
China’s footprint in South Asia (Hambantota Port, Pokhara Airport, Maldives loans); India counters with development aid, defense cooperation.
Geopolitical Factors:
- Bangladesh Statement: Mohammad Yunus’ remarks on India’s northeast as “landlocked” raised concerns.
US-China Rivalry:
Donald Trump’s second term revived unilateralism; implications for India’s strategic autonomy.
Four Pillars of India’s China Policy:
- Military Readiness Economic Diversification Diplomatic Engagement Narrative Control
- International Platforms: India engages China through BRICS, SCO; aligns with Quad for Indo-Pacific security.